Research Library

2005

This article reviews arguments in favour of a formal, written constitution for Europe, and concludes with a better suggestion – a Basic European Law. The article also criticizes the wholehearted embrace of ?popular constitution–making?. It does so by drawing on comparative evidence from constitution–making processes in various his–torical time periods and world regions. It poses three essential questions to organize the debate. First, why a European constitution? Second, what kind of European con–stitution? Third, how a European constitution?

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Barro, Robert J., and Rachel M. McCleary. 2005. “Which Countries Have State Religions?”. Abstract

For 188 independent countries in 2000, 72 had no state religion in 2000, 1970, and 1900; 58 had a state religion at all three dates; and 58 had some kind of transition. Among the 58 transitional countries, 12 had 2 transitions, 4 of which (former Soviet Republics in Asia) involved different forms of state religion. We use a Hotelling-type spatial competition model with a distribution of religion preferences to think about when the religion market would be monopolized. In this model, we can assess how changes in exogenous variables affect the likelihood of monopoly. We argue that these predictions carry over to a political setting in which the government decides whether to institute a state religion.

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The absence of a regional military alliance in Asia, and the related tendency of Asian regional institutions to avoid multilateral defence cooperation constitute a key puzzle of Asian regional order. Available theoretical explanations of this puzzle tend to focus heavily on the US role, either the nature and extent of US power, or its perceptions of collective identity. Challenging this, this paper offers a normative explanation. The absence of a "NATO in Asia", argues this paper, is explained by a norm against collective defence which emerged and evolved through early post–war regional interactions. These interactions, which have been ignored in the theoretical literature on international organization, were shaped by the interplay of the ideas of key local agents, and the evolving global norm of non–intervention. The paper's investigation into the normative origins Asian multilateralism contributes to the theoretical literature on the diffusion of sovereignty norms in the international system. International relations scholars generally assume that the "history of sovereignty is largely the history of Westphalia's geographic extension," but ignore the crucial agency of local actors in the developing world in translating the idea of sovereignty into norms of conduct in a regional setting. This article shows how regional interactions in early post–War Asia that led to a regional norm against collective defence, also helped to strengthen the global norm of non–intervention, and shaped subsequent regional institutions in Asia. In this process, Asian interactions made a distinctive contribution to the evolution of post–war international order, which has been seldom acknowledged, much less analyzed, by scholars of international relations.

1049_why_no_asian_nato_final.pdf

WCFIA Working Paper No. 05-05, July 2005

2004
Norris, Pippa. 2004. “Comment: Does PR promote political extremism, redux.” Representation 40 (3).
Inglehart, Ronald, and Pippa Norris. 2004. “(Reprinted in Spanish) ‘The True Clash of Civilizations?” Foreign Policy.
Norris, Pippa, and Ronald Inglehart. 2004. “Sacred and secular: Praying together, staying together?” International Journal of Not-for- Profit Law.
Norris, Pippa. 2004. “A Seat at the Table: How to elect women to Iraq’s new government.” Compass: A Journal of Leadership 1 (2): 6-8.
Norris, Pippa, Stefaan Walgrave, and Peter van Aelst. 2004. “Who demonstrates? Anti-state rebels, conventional participants, or everyone?” Comparative Politics 37 (2): 189-206.
Norris, Pippa, and Joni Lovenduski. 2004. “Why parties fail to learn: Electoral defeat, selective perception and British party politics.” Party Politics 10 (1): 85-104.
Norris, Pippa, and John Curtice. 2004. “e-politics? The impact of the Internet on political trust and participation.” British Social Attitudes, The 21st Report, 99-115. London: Sage.
Norris, Pippa. 2004. “Global political communication.” Comparing Political Communication: Theories, Cases and Challenges, 115-150. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Norris, Pippa, Doris A. Graber, Bruce Bimber, W. Lance Bennett, and Richard Davis. 2004. “The Internet and Politics: Emerging Perspectives.” Academy & the Internet, 90-119. New York: Peter Lang.
Norris, Pippa. 2004. “Preaching to the converted? Pluralism, participation and party websites.” e-democracia: Retos y Oportunidas papa el Fortalecimientode la Participatión Ciudadana y la Democracia en la Sociedad de la Informacion. Santiago, Chile: Universidad Bolivariana.
Norris, Pippa. 2004. “Will new technology boost turnout?” Electronic Voting and Democracy: A Comparative Analysis, 193-225. London: Palgrave.
Norris, Pippa. 2004. Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press, 360.
Inglehart, Ronald, and Pippa Norris. 2004. Sacred and Secular: Politics and Religion Worldwide. New York: Cambridge University Press, 370.
Warikoo, N. 2004. “Cosmopolitan Ethnicity: Second Generation Indo-Caribbean Identities.” Becoming New Yorkers: Ethnographies of the New Second Generation. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Publisher's Version
Revealing that the key to successful economic development in late industrializers rests in the state's capacity to discipline capitalists, this study sheds light on why certain countries (South Korea and Taiwan) have the capacity to discipline capitalists, while others (Mexico and Argentina) find themselves at the receiving end of industrialists' political and economic power. Closer examination of middle classes, especially rural middle classes, reveals the extent to which they achieve sufficient political sway in politics and society, and thus are able to impose such discipline.
Rogoff, Kenneth S, and Carmen M Reinhart. 2004. “Serial Default and the “Paradox” of Rich-to-Poor Capital Flows.” American Economic Review 94 (2): 53-58. Publisher's Version Abstract
Lightning may never strike twice in the same place, but the same cannot be said of sovereign default. Throughout history, governments have demonstrated that “serial default” is the rule, not the exception. Argentina has famously defaulted on five occasions since its birth in the 1820’s. However, as shown in Table 1, Argentina’s record is surpassed by many countries in the New World (Brazil, Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Ecuador) and by almost as many in the Old World (France, Germany, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey). At the same time, a smaller and dwindling number of developing countries such as India, Korea, Malaysia, Mauritius, Singapore, and Thailand have yet to default, despite being tested by severe turmoil, including the Asian crisis of the late 1990’s. What can explain such striking differences in default performance? State-of-the-art theoretical models of debt crises stress the importance of multiple equilibria where random investor panics can become self-fulfilling. The implication is that economists may never be able to precisely explain sovereign defaults, much less predict them. Nevertheless, the fact that sovereign defaults tend to recur like clockwork in some countries, while being absent in others, suggests that there must be a significant explainable component as well.
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