@article {67421,
	title = {How Environmentalists "Greened" Trade Policy: Strategic Action and the Architecture of Field Overlap},
	journal = {American Sociological Review},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Download PDF},
	month = {Dec 1, 2008},
	publisher = {American Sociological Review},
	abstract = {This article examines why and how environmental activists, despite considerable
political weakness and disproportionally few resources, won substantive negotiating
concessions that far outstripped labor achievements during NAFTA{\textquoteright}s negotiation.
Despite a trade policy arena hostile to their demands, environmentalists gained official
recognition for the legitimacy of their claims, obtained a seat at the negotiating table,
turned a previously technocratic concern into a highly visible populist issue, and won an
environmental side agreement stronger than its labor counterpart. We argue that this
unexpected outcome is best explained by environmentalists{\textquoteright} strategic use of mechanisms
available at the intersection of multiple fields. While field theory mainly focuses on
interactions within a particular field, we suggest that the structure of overlap between
fields{\textemdash}the architecture of field overlap{\textemdash}creates unique points of leverage that render
particular targets more vulnerable and certain strategies more effective for activists. We
outline the mechanisms associated with the structure of field overlap{\textemdash}alliance
brokerage, rulemaking, resource brokerage, and frame adaptation{\textemdash}that enable activists
to strategically leverage advantages across fields to transform the political landscape.},
	url = {http://asr.sagepub.com/content/vol73/issue6/},
	author = {Kay, Tamara and Evans, Rhonda}
}
